Analytical Study of the Energy Loss Reduction during Three-Dimensional Engine Oil-Based Hybrid Nanofluid Flow by Using Cattaneo–Christov Model

In this work, we analyzed the hybrid nanofluid (Ag+CuO+kerosene oil) flow past a bidirectionally extendable surface in presence of variable magnetic field. The considered is electrically conductive and steady. For simulation problem, Cattaneo–Christov double-diffusion (CCDD) model was considered, which generalizes Fourier’s Fick’s laws. impact Hall current produced taken into account. physical problem transformed mathematical form with help suitable transformations to reduce complexity problem. system coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs) solved semi-analytical method. results are plotted comparison (CuO+kerosene oil). various parameters (Pr,Sc,?0,m,M,Nb,Nt,?1,?2) on state variables described. velocity gradient under mass flux parameter shows decreasing behavior, while stretching ratio show an increasing behavior. Moreover, skin friction, rate heat, transfer numerically displayed through tables. found that thermal concentration relaxation coefficients showed behavior for their trends. validation implemented technique, squared residuals computed Table 2, number iterations decreases residual error. Ag+CuO+kerosene oil has good performance reduction heat rate.